Human Olfactory Receptor Comparative Sequence Assessments from the Genome

We present a review of the results of research to identify olfactory receptor gene sequences from the Human Genome. This effort began soon after the publication of the first draft of the genome. Subsequent publications of the genome have allowed the evolution of OR gene identification with improved accuracy. We performed a comprehensive sequence analysis to identify 100% sequence matches, as well as partial matches by performing the same sequence matching step against random partial regions of sequences. Only sequences supplied to us from the groups that mined the olfactory receptor sequences from the genome or were available online were used in the analysis. The results are publicly available at https:// ordb.biotech.ttu.edu/ORDB/info/humanorseqanal. We also performed a similar assessment of mouse olfactory receptor sequences from two groups that assessed the mouse genome, publicly available at https://ordb.biotech.ttu.edu/ORDB/info/mouseorseqanal. Both resources are linked through a list of potential orthologs between the two species’ receptor sequences. This review also contains a discussion of nomenclatures of these genes and the resources as information dissemination portals.

Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000571

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Enhancing Learning with ChatGPT: A Transformative Educational Companion

In recent years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into educational settings has opened up new possibilities for personalized and interactive learning experiences. Among these technologies, ChatGPT, an advanced language model developed by OpenAI, has emerged as a promising educational companion. ChatGPT utilizes Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to engage in conversational interactions, provide feedback, and deliver personalized learning materials. This academic review explores the potential of leveraging ChatGPT as a transformative educational companion, examining its applications, benefits, challenges, and implications for teaching and learning.

Applications of ChatGPT in Education

ChatGPT offers a wide range of applications in education, ranging from providing instant feedback on student responses to facilitating interactive learning experiences. As a conversational agent, ChatGPT can engage students in dialogues on various topics, clarify concepts, and answer questions in real-time. Additionally, ChatGPT can generate personalized learning materials, such as summaries, quizzes, and study guides, tailored to individual students’ needs and preferences. Furthermore, ChatGPT can assist educators in tasks such as lesson planning, content creation, and assessment design, enhancing instructional efficiency and effectiveness.

 Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000570

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Utilizing P-Scores to Quantify Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Death numbers have been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but they may not represent the true impact of the pandemic. Excess mortality is a robust metric and a critical indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. P-scores provide estimates of excess mortality and have been widely utilized in many COVID-19 studies around the world. P-score analyses have revealed more pandemic-associated deaths than official COVID-19 statistics alone. While a substantial proportion of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic can be directly attributed to the virus infection itself, mortality from major non-infectious chronic diseases substantially contributed to an increase in excess mortality P-scores. Thoughtful considerations of approaches to defining counterfactual mortality are important for ensuring the validity of calculated P-scores.

 Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000569

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The First Experience of Tomographic Representation of an ECG-Signal

At present, spectacular progress is achieved in the development of probabilistic approach to the basic principles of quantum mechanics (for instance, see [1]). This approach is based on tomographic representation of density matrix and the Wigner function [2,3], yielded by the Radon transform [4]. The probabilistic approach made it possible to apply the methods of quantum mechanics in description of various signals. The most comprehensive description of this method is given in [5]. Especially interesting are the attempts to use the tomographic approach to transform and analyze the medical signals [6,7]. When processing such signals, the Fourier transform is widely used, representing the signal as a function of the frequency ω. This transform is currently a common tool in the analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs). The tomographic transformation makes it possible to represent the signal as a positively defined function that simultaneously depends on both time and frequency. Recently, the tomographic representation was applied for processing some biological signals [8,9]. These studies were carried out to evaluate new perspectives that open up when analyzing a human ECG using tomographic representation.

Tomographic Representation

The tomographic representation can be introduced as a generalization of the Wigner function to a positive definite distribution [10]. A rigorous description of this mathematical transformation is given in [5], and a detailed description of its application to the analysis of some biological signals is given in [8,9]. Here we will give a brief description of the essence of the tomographic representation.

Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000568

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Managing Pandemic Disasters: A Resource-Based Analysis

Healthcare crises are well-known phenomena that occur and are highly disruptive. Consider, for example, Covid19 and other pandemics, wars, multi-casualty natural disasters, industrial disasters, etc. Healthcare systems in Brazil, Spain, Italy, and more around the world collapsed due to the lack of a clear methodology for handling such crises. Following a largescale value creation project with a large medical center we developed a resource-based methodology to cope with three healthcare crisis scenarios: “Peace”, “War” and “Tsunami”.

We identified three load/capacity scenarios for hospitals: “Peace”, “War” and “Tsunami”. The Peacetime scenario is the normal overload situation in a hospital. Figure 1 during “Peace” times, hospitals are usually 10%-20% short in resources. To overcome bottlenecks, managers apply evolutionary methods such as constraint management [1], the complete kit concept, etc. This is the normal condition in hospitals where there are fluctuations in supply and demand. Bottlenecks in this situation are typically medical crews: senior physicians and experienced nurses.

Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000567

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Artificial Cell Membranes as Bioinformation Hubs: Unraveling Therapeutic Networks through Nano-Informatics

In this brief the innovative realm of artificial cell membranes as bioinformation hubs, specifically focusing on their role in creating therapeutic networks, is proposed. The integration of advanced nanotechnologies, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and medical informatics has paved the way for the development of in silico tools that facilitate the simulation of interactions and mechanisms of toxicity in therapeutic products, particularly in drug delivery nanosystems. Various specialized cloud platforms incorporate libraries of diverse nanomaterials with comprehensive morphological and biological data, enabling correlation with potential adverse effects. Such tools prove invaluable in guiding the pharmaceutical industry in the development of innovative therapeutical formulations and aiding regulatory agencies in evaluating decision-making nanoplatforms. Finally, in this opinion-article we support the idea the cell membranes could be considered as bioinformation hubs and artificial pharmaceutical nanoplatforms.

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The Weird Human Sences

Opinion

Well Known Facts

It is rather strange that the nature gave only 5 senses to the human beings. As everybody

knows these senses are: Dactyl -to feel the touch and vibrations, Smell-to feel odors, aromas,

Taste-to feel the tastes, Vision-to view the environment and feel the light and colors, Hearing-

to hear the sounds and noises.

 From physical point of view

The dactyl feeling is a transmission from sensitive nerves of our hands (predominantly,

but also by skin, body and legs) to the brain, where these feelings are transformed into brain

impulses. The range of this sense is between 10-15Hz to more than 20 000Hz depending on

the amplitudes of the vibrations. By this sense is also possible to feel temperature variations

is a very narrow band (-50 0-60 0C to +70 0-80 0C). The taste feeling covers: bitter, sweet, hot,

sour and salty and a small amount of combinations - at all 5 tastes.

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