Utilizing P-Scores to Quantify Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Death numbers have been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but they may not represent the true impact of the pandemic. Excess mortality is a robust metric and a critical indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. P-scores provide estimates of excess mortality and have been widely utilized in many COVID-19 studies around the world. P-score analyses have revealed more pandemic-associated deaths than official COVID-19 statistics alone. While a substantial proportion of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic can be directly attributed to the virus infection itself, mortality from major non-infectious chronic diseases substantially contributed to an increase in excess mortality P-scores. Thoughtful considerations of approaches to defining counterfactual mortality are important for ensuring the validity of calculated P-scores.

 Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000569

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The First Experience of Tomographic Representation of an ECG-Signal

At present, spectacular progress is achieved in the development of probabilistic approach to the basic principles of quantum mechanics (for instance, see [1]). This approach is based on tomographic representation of density matrix and the Wigner function [2,3], yielded by the Radon transform [4]. The probabilistic approach made it possible to apply the methods of quantum mechanics in description of various signals. The most comprehensive description of this method is given in [5]. Especially interesting are the attempts to use the tomographic approach to transform and analyze the medical signals [6,7]. When processing such signals, the Fourier transform is widely used, representing the signal as a function of the frequency ω. This transform is currently a common tool in the analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs). The tomographic transformation makes it possible to represent the signal as a positively defined function that simultaneously depends on both time and frequency. Recently, the tomographic representation was applied for processing some biological signals [8,9]. These studies were carried out to evaluate new perspectives that open up when analyzing a human ECG using tomographic representation.

Tomographic Representation

The tomographic representation can be introduced as a generalization of the Wigner function to a positive definite distribution [10]. A rigorous description of this mathematical transformation is given in [5], and a detailed description of its application to the analysis of some biological signals is given in [8,9]. Here we will give a brief description of the essence of the tomographic representation.

Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000568

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The Weird Human Sences

Opinion

Well Known Facts

It is rather strange that the nature gave only 5 senses to the human beings. As everybody

knows these senses are: Dactyl -to feel the touch and vibrations, Smell-to feel odors, aromas,

Taste-to feel the tastes, Vision-to view the environment and feel the light and colors, Hearing-

to hear the sounds and noises.

 From physical point of view

The dactyl feeling is a transmission from sensitive nerves of our hands (predominantly,

but also by skin, body and legs) to the brain, where these feelings are transformed into brain

impulses. The range of this sense is between 10-15Hz to more than 20 000Hz depending on

the amplitudes of the vibrations. By this sense is also possible to feel temperature variations

is a very narrow band (-50 0-60 0C to +70 0-80 0C). The taste feeling covers: bitter, sweet, hot,

sour and salty and a small amount of combinations - at all 5 tastes.

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Again, about the Rhythms of Biological Processes

Opinion

Biological rhythms are one of the components of the endogenous time of an organism as a set of all its temporal processes. Circadian, ultra- and intracardiac rhythms have such temporal parameters as latency, speed, period, duration and frequency, i.e., are temporary processes. They are superimposed on the directed time of ontogenesis and, together with monophasic processes, trends and cycles, determine the biochemical and physiological specifics of its certain periods. Numerous studies of the past three decades have contributed to the understanding of the types of molecular oscillators that shape cellular rhythms. These include: an oscillator of impulse activity in neurons and some endocrinocytes; an oscillator that reflects the circadian rhythms of the cAMP and Ca2+ content; redox oscillator and finally PER - oscillator, working on the basis of interactions of clock proteins [1-5]. The specificity of the interaction of these oscillators in cells of different tissues is gradually becoming clear: in endocrinocytes, in blood cells, in hepatocytes and adipocytes. However, the essence of the functions of the rhythms themselves as time processes is not clear enough.

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A Behavioral Learning Theory Public Health Education and Promotion Campaign Plan for COVID-19

Abstract

The article includes a COVID-19 public health education and promotion campaign plan to prompt change by applying major behavioral change principles and procedures. Best practices research to motivate, support, and sustain health behavior change includes the application of Behavioral Learning Theory when educating the public regarding COVID-19 health challenges. Topics evaluated include:

1)Behavioral Learning Theory,

2)6-month timeline for accomplishing three COVID-19 public health communication objectives, and

3)SWOT analysis.

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Global Social and Economic Impact of SARS- CoV-2 Pandemic on Industry Sectors

Abstract

On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government formally proclaimed the identification of a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as the etiological source of a critical respiratory disease in Wuhan city, Hubei Province. Over the next few weeks, SARS-CoV-2 introduced a global pandemic as formally declared by the WHO on March 11th, 2020, with inveterate cases and deaths in more than 212 countries leading to exceptional social and economic consequences.

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Maximum Entropy Risk Model for Investment Management

Abstract

In the present communication Markowitz’s method of mean- variance efficient frontier has been explained. Some introductory entropy models and concepts related to risk in investments have been discussed. Risk aversion index and Pareto-optimal sharing of risk have been defined. A new measure of risk based on maximum entropy principle has been studied in detail. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 91b24 and 94a15.

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The Stupidity of Criticism_Crimson Publishers

The Stupidity of Criticism by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Fortunately for sensitive egos, people do not have to acknowledge criticism in order to react to it. Corrective reactions may be undertaken without anyone admitting anything was wrong. Demonstrating the power of negative thinking, the accompanying verbal response to warranted but unwelcome criticism is usually to the effect that, “We have not done anything wrong and will not do it again”.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000548.php

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Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed_Crimson Publishers

Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

 This review of the literature on stupidity demonstrates it has been and is a topic of interest among literati from Greek and Biblical times to the present. Recent writings on the topic are mostly anecdotal and with two exceptions indicate a lack of scientific analysis in the phenome-non.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000544.php

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Stupidity and the Sexes_Crimson Publishers

Stupidity and the Sexes by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Unfortunately, the cognitive basis for much social stupidity is not discrimination based on ability but the human tendency to generalize behavior of differentiated members of a group into the form of a representative stereotype. This streamlines social decisions, as individual variation can be ignored, and reactions keyed to specific characteristics deemed definitive for behavioral inter-action. However, the loss to stereotyping is obvious: individuals are raised up or put down not due to their individual abilities but because they are lumped into a linguistic category. Women, for ex-ample, have been universally and eternally victimized by stereotyping [1] to the degree that 400 years ago expert on females, Cardinal de Richelieu concluded “Intellect in a woman is unbecoming” [2].

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000543.php 

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Review on Economics of Teff in Ethiopia_Crimson Publishers

Review on Economics of Teff in Ethiopia by Fikadu, Asmiro Abeje in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Teff is widely cultivated throughout Ethiopia as a staple cereal crop, which appears in everyone’s dishes of everyday life. With a gluten free and high nutrition values; teff could be the next super-grain and Injera could be the next super-food in the globe. Teff productions in terms of cultivated area and number of producers are incredibly increases over the last 14 years. Teff is the second most important cash crop and generating about 500 million USA dollar incomes per year for local farmers. Apart from this, teff producing farmers are highly depending on the behavior of the other teff producing farmers who spatially closed. Moreover, Teff straw is produced in the largest quantities estimating about 6.93% of the total quantity of cereal crop’s straw produced in the country; this helps to address the insufficient animal feed supply for animal production and productivity improvement through enhancing its palatability. The exports of teff in terms of injera in 2015 were estimated at around 10 million US dollar, and the main injera global market outlets were North America, Middle East, and Europe. Among several teff production constraints, technical inefficiency has a leading one. Due to the technical inefficiency of teff production; about 0.4ton/ha grain yield gap between the expected maximum potential and the actual teff grain yield. Teff grain yield gap is estimated about1.1 million ton in 2013 at countrywide due to technical inefficiency. Thus, this review as sought to ascertain of the economics of teff and put highlight policy implication for further assuring food security through teff.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000542.php

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Fractal Applications in Bio-Nanosystems_Crimson Publishers

Fractal Applications in Bio-Nanosystems by S Sankararaman in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

We live in a world of high complexity in all means. The present article is an attempt to elucidate the potential of fractal analysis in understanding and quantifying the complexity. Of several methods of fractal analysis, we have used only the box counting and power spectral methods for explaining the potential of the technique. The application of fractal analysis in bio-nanosystems, thin films, are forensic science are exemplified though our own work.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000541.php

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Introduction of Improved Maize Variety and Applying its Integrated Stem Borer Management Techniques in Ethiopian Somali Region_Crimson Publishers

Introduction of Improved Maize Variety and Applying its Integrated Stem Borer Management Techniques in Ethiopian Somali Region by Fano Dargo in Open Access Bio statistics & bioinformatics

The stem borer is one of the most destructive pests of maize crop. Research experimentations were carried out on maize to control stem borer. The experiment was 2x3 factorial experiments using randomized complete block design with ten replications. A total of two maize varieties (Melkassa hybrid 130 and local varieties) and three different stem borer management packages (Control, inter-cropping with cowpea and inter-cropping with Cowpea and Sudan Grass) were used. Data was collected on Days to maturity, Plant height, Ear length, Grain yield, Biomass yield, Harvest index, Biomass production rate and Grain yield per day. The results of analysis revealed that the interaction effect of Control mechanisms of stem borer and Maize varieties was significantly (P≤0.05) affected in all agronomic traits recorded except DTM, PH, EL and HI which is not significant. While, they were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the maize variety. Treatment combination Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping gave the highest grain yield (4.70 t∙ha-1) of all the test treatment combination. While, the minimum grain yield (2.15 t∙ha-1) were observed in treatment combination Local Maize variety Mono-cropping. Grain yield had strong significant positive correlations with plant height (r=0.66**), Ear length (r=0.0.58**), Biomass yield (r=0.76**), harvest index (r=0.0.74**), biological yield rate (r=0.0.73**) and grain yield per day (r=0.96**). Based on objectively measured traits, farmers’ preferred Treatment 4 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping was ranked the first (1.1), followed by Treatment 5 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) inter-cropping with Cowpea (2.3) and Treatment 6 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) inter-cropping with Cowpea and Sudan Grass (2.8). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of treatment combination 4 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping could be recommend for optimum yield and yield related traits of maize even though further testing is required to put the recommendation on a strong basis.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000535.php

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Problems Facing Local Engeering Companies in Nigeria- Crimson Publishers

Problems Facing Local Engeering Companies in Nigeria by Kingsley Akarowhe in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics: Crimson Publishers- Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics journals

The engineering sector in any nation has a prior role to play in the attainment of nations’ goals and objectives. These objectives and goals ranges from economic, social and political domain. This makes it quite relevant because it also cut across all domain of human endeavour. Hence engineering companies plays similar roles. In recent time in the developing countries of the world such as Nigeria, the objective and goals has not been achieved due to bed eviling problems facing local engineering companies. It is in consonance with this fact that, this paper intends to investigate problems facing local engineering companies-low patronage and untimely payment of benefits, high tax burden, lack adequate equipments/machines, environmental and cultural induced challenges, political factor, and lack of competencies in service delivery and way-forward-collaboration with in the union, review of state of industry, awareness programmes, review of contractual framework. It was concluded that if the possible way-forward as enunciated by the researcher is implemented the problems facing local engineering companies will be surmounted.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000533.php

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On the Efficacy of Chinese Herbs for Survival Rates of Breast Cancer Based on Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (Nhird)- Crimson Publishers

On the Efficacy of Chinese Herbs for Survival Rates of Breast Cancer Based on Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (Nhird) by Kun Chan Lan in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics: Crimson Publishers- Bioinformatics Open Access Journals

Our research employs statistical analysis based on a large national database to study the efficiency of Chinese herbs for improving survival rates of breast cancer. People who used the four categoriesof herbal formula (安神之劑, 袪寒之劑, 袪痰之劑, 經產之劑) seem to live longer in our database.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000530.php

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Modelling Length of Hospital Stay for Tuberculosis Treated in-Patients at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital: a Competing Risk Perspective_Crimson Publishers

Modelling Length of Hospital Stay for Tuberculosis Treated in-Patients at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital: a Competing Risk Perspective by Halima S Twabi in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

A retrospective cohort study was done on adult Tuberculosis (TB) in-patients from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) Surveillance Programme of In-patients and Epidemiology (SPINE) database to identify factors explaining time to discharge from hospital while accounting for a competing event: death. The study aimed to apply and compare competing risk models on TB data. Semi-parametric Cause-specific hazards (CSH) and Sub-distribution hazard (SDH) models were applied to model the effect of HIV status, age, and Sex in relation to death or discharge from hospital. Test for model assumptions and diagnostics were conducted. Findings showed that the SDH explained best the effect of the covariates to the probability of a patient being discharged or dying.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000507.php

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