Utilizing P-Scores to Quantify Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Death numbers have been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but they may not represent the true impact of the pandemic. Excess mortality is a robust metric and a critical indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. P-scores provide estimates of excess mortality and have been widely utilized in many COVID-19 studies around the world. P-score analyses have revealed more pandemic-associated deaths than official COVID-19 statistics alone. While a substantial proportion of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic can be directly attributed to the virus infection itself, mortality from major non-infectious chronic diseases substantially contributed to an increase in excess mortality P-scores. Thoughtful considerations of approaches to defining counterfactual mortality are important for ensuring the validity of calculated P-scores.

 Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000569

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The First Experience of Tomographic Representation of an ECG-Signal

At present, spectacular progress is achieved in the development of probabilistic approach to the basic principles of quantum mechanics (for instance, see [1]). This approach is based on tomographic representation of density matrix and the Wigner function [2,3], yielded by the Radon transform [4]. The probabilistic approach made it possible to apply the methods of quantum mechanics in description of various signals. The most comprehensive description of this method is given in [5]. Especially interesting are the attempts to use the tomographic approach to transform and analyze the medical signals [6,7]. When processing such signals, the Fourier transform is widely used, representing the signal as a function of the frequency ω. This transform is currently a common tool in the analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs). The tomographic transformation makes it possible to represent the signal as a positively defined function that simultaneously depends on both time and frequency. Recently, the tomographic representation was applied for processing some biological signals [8,9]. These studies were carried out to evaluate new perspectives that open up when analyzing a human ECG using tomographic representation.

Tomographic Representation

The tomographic representation can be introduced as a generalization of the Wigner function to a positive definite distribution [10]. A rigorous description of this mathematical transformation is given in [5], and a detailed description of its application to the analysis of some biological signals is given in [8,9]. Here we will give a brief description of the essence of the tomographic representation.

Read More About This Article: 10.31031/OABB.2024.03.000568

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Detection of protein complexes in blood plasma synthesized by malignant glioma cells and their microenvironment by dynamic light scattering depending on the degree of the blood-brain barrier permeability_Crimson Publishers

Detection of protein complexes in blood plasma synthesized by malignant glioma cells and their microenvironment by dynamic light scattering depending on the degree of the blood-brain barrier permeability by Gridina NYa in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the blood plasma of patients with malignant gliomas of the brain by method dynamic light scattering protein complexes with diameter of more than 150nm were detected, indicating increased permeability of the blood brain/tumor (BBTB) and blood-brain (BBB) barriers. The results of these studies are taken as the basis for the development of the express method for determining the increased permeability of the BBTB and BBB in neurosurgical patients. The method can be used at a certain stage of chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas of the brain, depending on the permeability of the BBTB and BBB.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000551.php

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Modeling of Capture Fisheries and Effectiveness of the Current Gear Restriction: The Case of Lake Tana, Ethiopia_Crimson Publishers

 Modeling of Capture Fisheries and Effectiveness of the Current Gear Restriction: The Case of Lake Tana, Ethiopia by Erkie A in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Following the exponentially increased demand for fishes, magnificent number of individuals are participated in various stages of capture fisheries in order to improve their livelihood. However, in Lake Tana fisheries, regulations related to gear restriction (fishing net and mesh size), destructive way of fishing, closing of spawning season and site, and amount of harvest are a loosely (almost not) regulated. This is attributed to weak institutions that have no incentives for fishers to manage efficiently in a way that maximized their present and future benefits. As a management framework, fishing gear restriction reduces the burden on the open access fishery and endangered species. On the other hand, ITQs encourage increased responsibility and accountability by quota owners for management and enhancement of the fishery resource. In this regard, ITQs is more efficient than gear restriction because of it creates sense of ownership and its flexibility in providing stable and profitable market.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000550.php

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Comparison of Tuberculosis, Measles, Poliomyelitis and Rubella on Children Aged Less than 15 in a Poor Country: Case of the Republic of Pakistan_Crimson Publishers

 Comparison of Tuberculosis, Measles, Poliomyelitis and Rubella on Children Aged Less than 15 in a Poor Country: Case of the Republic of Pakistan by İlker Etikan in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

We compared Measles, Tuberculosis, Poliomyelitis and Rubella infectious diseases in Pakistan on children aged less than 15 years from 2013 to 2018. We collected the registered cases of each disease per years at the World Health Organization (WHO) and at the United Nation International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) website and we used SPSS program to calculate descriptive statistics and plot graphics. We find out that over the past six years, among the four infectious diseases studied, Tuberculosis and Measles were the most present among children aged fewer than 15, their mean over the years was respectively 34430.50 and 20107.50, and their percentage was around 50% Of the whole studied diseases. Rubella and Poliomyelitis were the less infectious disease present among children aged under 15 in Pakistan from 2013 to 2018, their mean over the years was respectively 178.35 and 114.28, and their percentage was around 1% of the whole studied infectious diseases. Furthermore, Away from Poliomyelitis which curve was mostly decreasing over the last six years, all the three other diseases, Tuberculosis, Measles and Rubella had a curve mostly increasing over the last six years.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000549.php 

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Portfolio Analysis in Finance Mathematics_Crimson Publishers

 Portfolio Analysis in Finance Mathematics by DS Hooda in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the present paper a brief account of the deterministic model due to Marko is given and the concept of mean variance efficient frontier to find all efficient portfolios that maximize the expected returns and minimize the variance are introduced. Some measures of portfolio analysis based on entropy meanvariance frontier and maximum entropy model in risk sharing are proposed and studied.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/pdf/OABB.000546.pdf

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Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed_Crimson Publishers

Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

 This review of the literature on stupidity demonstrates it has been and is a topic of interest among literati from Greek and Biblical times to the present. Recent writings on the topic are mostly anecdotal and with two exceptions indicate a lack of scientific analysis in the phenome-non.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000544.php

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Meta-Analysis of a Very Low Proportion Through Adjusted Wald Confidence Intervals_Crimson Publishers

Meta-Analysis of a Very Low Proportion Through Adjusted Wald Confidence Intervals by Afreixo V in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In this paper we will discuss the meta-analysis of one low proportion. It is well known, that there are several methods to perform the meta-analysis of one proportion, based on a linear combination of proportions or transformed proportions. However, in the context of a linear combination of binomial proportions has been proposed some approximate estimators with some improvements on low proportion estimation. In this paper we will show, with a simple adaptation, the possible contribution of several approximate adjusted Wald confidence intervals (CIs) for the meta-analysis of proportions. In the context of low proportions, a simulation study scenario is carried out to compare these CIs amongst themselves and with other available methods with respect to bias and coverage probabilities, using the fixed effect or the random-effects model. 

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000545.php

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Review on Economics of Teff in Ethiopia_Crimson Publishers

Review on Economics of Teff in Ethiopia by Fikadu, Asmiro Abeje in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Teff is widely cultivated throughout Ethiopia as a staple cereal crop, which appears in everyone’s dishes of everyday life. With a gluten free and high nutrition values; teff could be the next super-grain and Injera could be the next super-food in the globe. Teff productions in terms of cultivated area and number of producers are incredibly increases over the last 14 years. Teff is the second most important cash crop and generating about 500 million USA dollar incomes per year for local farmers. Apart from this, teff producing farmers are highly depending on the behavior of the other teff producing farmers who spatially closed. Moreover, Teff straw is produced in the largest quantities estimating about 6.93% of the total quantity of cereal crop’s straw produced in the country; this helps to address the insufficient animal feed supply for animal production and productivity improvement through enhancing its palatability. The exports of teff in terms of injera in 2015 were estimated at around 10 million US dollar, and the main injera global market outlets were North America, Middle East, and Europe. Among several teff production constraints, technical inefficiency has a leading one. Due to the technical inefficiency of teff production; about 0.4ton/ha grain yield gap between the expected maximum potential and the actual teff grain yield. Teff grain yield gap is estimated about1.1 million ton in 2013 at countrywide due to technical inefficiency. Thus, this review as sought to ascertain of the economics of teff and put highlight policy implication for further assuring food security through teff.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000542.php

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Mental Energy in the Context of the General Theory of Information_Crimson Publishers

 Mental Energy in the Context of the General Theory of Information by Mark Burgin in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

 Many researchers wrote about mental energy, psychic energy and spiritual energy. However, still there is neither clear understanding nor welldefined characterization of these phenomena. Here we study these concepts based on the general theory of information, the structuration of the world in the form of the Existential Triad of the world and the existing psychological and philosophical knowledge about the brain, psyche and mentality on the individual level. The goal is to explain the structure of mentality and elaborate a consistent system of concepts related to mental energy.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/pdf/OABB.000540.pdf

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Fractal Applications in Bio-Nanosystems_Crimson Publishers

Fractal Applications in Bio-Nanosystems by S Sankararaman in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

We live in a world of high complexity in all means. The present article is an attempt to elucidate the potential of fractal analysis in understanding and quantifying the complexity. Of several methods of fractal analysis, we have used only the box counting and power spectral methods for explaining the potential of the technique. The application of fractal analysis in bio-nanosystems, thin films, are forensic science are exemplified though our own work.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000541.php

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A Survey on Trigonometric Measures of Fuzzy Information and Discrimination_Crimson Publishers

A Survey on Trigonometric Measures of Fuzzy Information and Discrimination by DS Hooda in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the literature of fuzzy information measures, there exist many well-known parametric and non-parametric measures with their own merits and limitations. But our main emphasis is on applications of these information measures to a variety of disciplines. It has been observed that trigonometric measure of fuzzy information measures have their own importance for application point of view particularly to geometry. In present communication the concept of fuzzy information measure is introduced with its generalizations. Some new trigonometric measures of fuzzy information due to various authors are defined and characterized. One generalized measure of fuzzy discrimination by Hooda [1] is proposed and its application in decision making is also studied.

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Breast Cancer Prediction Using Bayesian Logistic Regression_Crimson Publishers

 Breast Cancer Prediction Using Bayesian Logistic Regression by Ashok K Singh in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Prediction of breast cancer based upon several features computed for each subject is a binary classification problem. Several discriminant methods exist for this problem, some of the commonly used methods are: Decision Trees, Random Forest, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR). Except for Logistic Regression, the other listed methods are predictive in nature; LR yields an explanatory model that can also be used for prediction, and for this reason it is commonly used in many disciplines including clinical research. In this article, we demonstrate the method of Bayesian LR to predict breast cancer using the Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer (WDBC) data set available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository.

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Introduction of Improved Maize Variety and Applying its Integrated Stem Borer Management Techniques in Ethiopian Somali Region_Crimson Publishers

Introduction of Improved Maize Variety and Applying its Integrated Stem Borer Management Techniques in Ethiopian Somali Region by Fano Dargo in Open Access Bio statistics & bioinformatics

The stem borer is one of the most destructive pests of maize crop. Research experimentations were carried out on maize to control stem borer. The experiment was 2x3 factorial experiments using randomized complete block design with ten replications. A total of two maize varieties (Melkassa hybrid 130 and local varieties) and three different stem borer management packages (Control, inter-cropping with cowpea and inter-cropping with Cowpea and Sudan Grass) were used. Data was collected on Days to maturity, Plant height, Ear length, Grain yield, Biomass yield, Harvest index, Biomass production rate and Grain yield per day. The results of analysis revealed that the interaction effect of Control mechanisms of stem borer and Maize varieties was significantly (P≤0.05) affected in all agronomic traits recorded except DTM, PH, EL and HI which is not significant. While, they were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the maize variety. Treatment combination Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping gave the highest grain yield (4.70 t∙ha-1) of all the test treatment combination. While, the minimum grain yield (2.15 t∙ha-1) were observed in treatment combination Local Maize variety Mono-cropping. Grain yield had strong significant positive correlations with plant height (r=0.66**), Ear length (r=0.0.58**), Biomass yield (r=0.76**), harvest index (r=0.0.74**), biological yield rate (r=0.0.73**) and grain yield per day (r=0.96**). Based on objectively measured traits, farmers’ preferred Treatment 4 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping was ranked the first (1.1), followed by Treatment 5 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) inter-cropping with Cowpea (2.3) and Treatment 6 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) inter-cropping with Cowpea and Sudan Grass (2.8). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of treatment combination 4 Improved Maize Variety (MH-130) mono-cropping could be recommend for optimum yield and yield related traits of maize even though further testing is required to put the recommendation on a strong basis.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000535.php

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Review on Parametric and Nonparametric Methods of Efficiency Analysis_Crimson publishers

Review on Parametric and Nonparametric Methods of Efficiency Analysis by Erkie Asmare in Open access Bio statistics & Bioinformatics

Efficiency analysis using parametric and nonparametric methods have monopolized the recent literature of efficiency measurement. However, the choice of estimation method has been an issue of debate. This review was aimed to: provide information on the concepts, types and methods of applying parametric and nonparametric methods of efficiency analysis and review on the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods of efficiency analysis. Parametric methods of efficiency analysis have significant advantages by distinguishing and modeling the random noise from inefficiency. However, this method requires specification of the model and separating random noise from the true in efficiency may be restrictive in most cases. On the other hand, the nonparametric method has the potential to impose axiomatic properties and estimate the frontier nonparametrically. In addition, it has gained popularity because of it does not have as many restrictive assumptions as parametric method. However, nonparametric methods have deficiencies; because of it does not distinguish between the true inefficiency and statistical noise effects. Therefore, the full distance from a brand to the efficiency frontier is interpreted as inefficiency. Generally, the parametric technique is more attractive when the data suffer from serious measurement errors and random events. On the other way, nonparametric may be a better choice when random disturbances are less of an issue. Therefore, a parametric and nonparametric method is not direct competitors but rather complements: in the trade off between parametric and nonparametric, something is sacrificed for something to be gained. Hence, joint use of parametric and non-parametric techniques to the measurement of efficiency is a novel issue in efficiency study.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/fulltext/OABB.000534.php

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Lindemann’s Conjecture_Crimson Publishers

Lindemann’s Conjecture by Kostas Psaromiligkos in Open Access Biostatistics & Bio information


X. Sun’s description of co-pair wise right-reducible groups was a milestone in convex K-theory. Now it is well known that every ideal is irreducible. A useful survey of the subject can be found in [4]. Here, injectivity is trivially a concern. Every student is aware that there exists arithmetic and injective Riemannian, minimal isometry. We wish to extend the results of [5] to ordered primes. In, the main result was the derivation of Minkowski [6], unconditionally contra-complex measure spaces. This reduces the results of [7] to standard techniques of analysis.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/abb/fulltext/OABB.000524.php

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