Artificial Cell Membranes as Bioinformation Hubs: Unraveling Therapeutic Networks through Nano-Informatics

In this brief the innovative realm of artificial cell membranes as bioinformation hubs, specifically focusing on their role in creating therapeutic networks, is proposed. The integration of advanced nanotechnologies, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and medical informatics has paved the way for the development of in silico tools that facilitate the simulation of interactions and mechanisms of toxicity in therapeutic products, particularly in drug delivery nanosystems. Various specialized cloud platforms incorporate libraries of diverse nanomaterials with comprehensive morphological and biological data, enabling correlation with potential adverse effects. Such tools prove invaluable in guiding the pharmaceutical industry in the development of innovative therapeutical formulations and aiding regulatory agencies in evaluating decision-making nanoplatforms. Finally, in this opinion-article we support the idea the cell membranes could be considered as bioinformation hubs and artificial pharmaceutical nanoplatforms.

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The Weird Human Sences

Opinion

Well Known Facts

It is rather strange that the nature gave only 5 senses to the human beings. As everybody

knows these senses are: Dactyl -to feel the touch and vibrations, Smell-to feel odors, aromas,

Taste-to feel the tastes, Vision-to view the environment and feel the light and colors, Hearing-

to hear the sounds and noises.

 From physical point of view

The dactyl feeling is a transmission from sensitive nerves of our hands (predominantly,

but also by skin, body and legs) to the brain, where these feelings are transformed into brain

impulses. The range of this sense is between 10-15Hz to more than 20 000Hz depending on

the amplitudes of the vibrations. By this sense is also possible to feel temperature variations

is a very narrow band (-50 0-60 0C to +70 0-80 0C). The taste feeling covers: bitter, sweet, hot,

sour and salty and a small amount of combinations - at all 5 tastes.

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Adapting Hartigan & Wong K-Means for the Efficient Clustering of Sets1

Abstract

This paper proposes an algorithm, named HWK-Sets, based on K-Means, suited for clustering data which are variable-sized sets of elementary items. An example of such data occurs in the analysis of medical diagnosis, where the goal is to detect human subjects who share common diseases so as to predict future illnesses from previous medical history possibly. Clustering sets is difficult because data objects do not have numerical attributes and therefore it is not possible to use the classical Euclidean distance upon which K-Means is normally based. An adaptation of the Jaccard distance between sets is used, which exploits application-sensitive information. More in particular, the Hartigan and Wong variation of K-Means is adopted, which can favor the fast attainment of a careful solution. The HWK-Sets algorithm can flexibly use various stochastic seeding techniques. Since the difficulty of calculating a mean among the sets of a cluster, the concept of a medoid is employed as a cluster representative (centroid), which always remains a data object of the application. The paper describes the HWK-Sets clustering algorithm and outlines its current implementation in Java based on parallel streams. After that, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by applying it to 15 benchmark datasets.

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On Structure-Function Asymmetry

Abstract

This is a short opinion article pointing out the importance of examining more precisely the intimate relationship between structure and function that arises for all complex systems. It is claimed that this relationship is highly asymmetrical, which has many unforeseen consequences. The presented claims are made based on intuition and inductive reasoning. Although some claims may be only partially valid, for instance, under yet to be specified conditions, they can inspire new research directions to investigate in future

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Copulas in Gene’s Relation

Opinion

Genes are considered as segments of DNA that provide instructions for the production of specific proteins or RNA molecules. Genes can be related to one another in a variety of ways. These relationships can play important roles in the regulation of cellular processes and functions, as well as in the development and evolution of organisms. Gene relation refers to the relationship between two or more genes in terms of their function, location, or sequence similarity. In studying the expression and relationship of genes, researchers can get a sense of how gene-information is used to know cell functions and how changes in gene expression or regulation can lead to disease. As an example, co-expression analysis can help to determine gene-groups that are functionally related and may be involved in specific biological processes or diseases. Also, network analysis can be used to identify regulatory relationships between genes as well as to build gene regulation networks that control specific cellular processes. See also Allocco et al. [1], Elise et al. [2], Ruan et al. [3] & Song et al. [4], By interacting with each other, genes form a complicated network. The relationship between groups of genes with different functions can be represented as gene networks. Since the accessibility of the large gene expression data, several methods have been developed to analyze the gene-to-gene relationship. Copula approach is being used to study the relationship between the expression profiles of pairs of genes, since a copula is a multivariate model that can be used for explaining gene-gene dependence.

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Bayesian Shape Invariant Model for Latent Growth Curve with Time-Invariant Covariates

Abstract

In the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) study, children are prescribed different stimulant medications. The height measurements are recorded longitudinally along with the medication time. Differences among the patients are captured by the parameters suggested the Superimposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) model using three subject-specific parameters to estimate their deviation from the mean growth curve. In this paper, we generalize the SITAR model in a Bayesian way with time-invariant covariates. The time-invariant model allows us to predict latent growth factors. Since patients suffer from a common disease, they usually exhibit a similar pattern, and it is natural to build a nonlinear model that is shaped invariant. The model is semi-parametric, where the population time curve is modeled with a natural cubic spline. The original shape invariant growth curve model, motivated by epidemiological research on the evolution of pubertal heights over time, fits the underlying shape function for height over age and estimates subject-specific deviations from this curve in terms of size, tempo, and velocity using maximum likelihood. The usefulness of the model is illustrated in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) study. Further, we demonstrated the effect of stimulant medications on pubertal growth by gender.

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Resolving Issues at Host Level Using Variable Reduction Methods: Case of Cornudiscoides Spp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea)

 

Abstract

Taxonomy deals with delineating and classifying organisms, and traditionally relies on morphological characters only. We have used morphological characters, and molecular biology to distinguish monogenoids at generic and specific levels. Principal Component Analysis provided a magnifying glass to resolve the taxonomic issues as well as their host levels.

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A Behavioral Learning Theory Public Health Education and Promotion Campaign Plan for COVID-19

Abstract

The article includes a COVID-19 public health education and promotion campaign plan to prompt change by applying major behavioral change principles and procedures. Best practices research to motivate, support, and sustain health behavior change includes the application of Behavioral Learning Theory when educating the public regarding COVID-19 health challenges. Topics evaluated include:

1)Behavioral Learning Theory,

2)6-month timeline for accomplishing three COVID-19 public health communication objectives, and

3)SWOT analysis.

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Differential Mathematical Models of Intellectu- alization of Fast Flow Processes on Railway Elec- tricity Supply Networks

 

Abstract

The problem of innovative transformation of railway power supply networks Is Investigated and the direction of researchrelates to the organization of differential mathematical models of optimization of procedures by control of high-speed technological processes of power supply of railways. A graphis proposed, whose logical structure adequately reflects the architecture of the computerized network for managing the power supply system and developed its differential mathematical model. On the basis of the principle of minimax, the optimal strategy of intellectualization of the power supply processes in each of the nodes of the computer network was developed for the cases of the worst combination of the intensity of the requests and the intensity of their service. Hereis a way to ensure that the specified performance of the individual no desands egments of theintelligent computer control network by exploring the extremum off unctionality, implemented in the field of T-images using differential spectra.

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Maximum Entropy Risk Model for Investment Management

Abstract

In the present communication Markowitz’s method of mean- variance efficient frontier has been explained. Some introductory entropy models and concepts related to risk in investments have been discussed. Risk aversion index and Pareto-optimal sharing of risk have been defined. A new measure of risk based on maximum entropy principle has been studied in detail. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 91b24 and 94a15.

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Genomics of Newly Discovered Leprosy Pathogen: Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Its Geographic Isolation in Mexico

Overview

Leprosy is a chronic dermatologic infection that has plagued human populations for thousands of years. Mycobacterium leprae, the etiological agent for leprosy, has puzzled scientists since its identification by Hansen in 1873 [1]. Leprosy is one of the leading causes of treatable neuropathy [2]. It has been affecting mankind since the earliest historically recorded identification and far beyond (2000 B.C, in ancient Indus civilization) [3]. Leprosy is also one of the earliest recognized diseases which have a proven association with the bacterial pathogen, M. leprae [3]. In 2008, a new bacterium, M. lepromatosis was discovered in Mexico which was also reported to cause leprosy [4]. M. lepromatosis was found to be associated with a typical severe form of lepromatous leprosy (LL), called Diffuse Lepromatous Leprosy (DLL) which is usually seen in the Americas [5-7]. DLL is characterized by an unusual form of immune reaction against the pathogen, called Lucio’s phenomenon, characterized by diffuse, non-nodular cutaneous infiltration with sharply demarcated skin lesions, which often gets infected to result in life threatening situations [8,9].

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COVID-19 Epidemic: China and ex-China

 

Abstract

Here we report the current COVID-19 epidemic in terms of mortality and recovery compared to the confirmed patient population of provinces in China as well as countries outside of China. Data was obtained from the Center for System Science and Engineering (CSSE) by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and was plotted in log-log charts. For China, mortality dropped as low as 0.08% but then converged to a band of 1%-5%, with the median value of 1.1% as of March 9th, 2020. For countries outside of China, mortality dropped to a low of 0.2% with a median value of 2.4% as of March 9th, 2020. This difference was statistically significant with p=0.0057.A bi-modal distribution in mortality was observed for both China and countries outside of China, which would concur with reports mentioning two possible strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. China exhibited a median recovery rate of 95.0% with the lowest being Hubei province with a recovery rate of 57%. Outside of China, the median recovery rate was 10.7% and was significantly lower than that of China, p <0.0001, t-test. Distribution-wise, both China and countries outside of China were observed to be similar. As of now, the spread of COVID-19 in countries outside of China are showing properties more similar to that of Hubei–the epicenter of COVID-19 epidemic in China.

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Detection of protein complexes in blood plasma synthesized by malignant glioma cells and their microenvironment by dynamic light scattering depending on the degree of the blood-brain barrier permeability_Crimson Publishers

Detection of protein complexes in blood plasma synthesized by malignant glioma cells and their microenvironment by dynamic light scattering depending on the degree of the blood-brain barrier permeability by Gridina NYa in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the blood plasma of patients with malignant gliomas of the brain by method dynamic light scattering protein complexes with diameter of more than 150nm were detected, indicating increased permeability of the blood brain/tumor (BBTB) and blood-brain (BBB) barriers. The results of these studies are taken as the basis for the development of the express method for determining the increased permeability of the BBTB and BBB in neurosurgical patients. The method can be used at a certain stage of chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas of the brain, depending on the permeability of the BBTB and BBB.

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Modeling of Capture Fisheries and Effectiveness of the Current Gear Restriction: The Case of Lake Tana, Ethiopia_Crimson Publishers

 Modeling of Capture Fisheries and Effectiveness of the Current Gear Restriction: The Case of Lake Tana, Ethiopia by Erkie A in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Following the exponentially increased demand for fishes, magnificent number of individuals are participated in various stages of capture fisheries in order to improve their livelihood. However, in Lake Tana fisheries, regulations related to gear restriction (fishing net and mesh size), destructive way of fishing, closing of spawning season and site, and amount of harvest are a loosely (almost not) regulated. This is attributed to weak institutions that have no incentives for fishers to manage efficiently in a way that maximized their present and future benefits. As a management framework, fishing gear restriction reduces the burden on the open access fishery and endangered species. On the other hand, ITQs encourage increased responsibility and accountability by quota owners for management and enhancement of the fishery resource. In this regard, ITQs is more efficient than gear restriction because of it creates sense of ownership and its flexibility in providing stable and profitable market.

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Comparison of Tuberculosis, Measles, Poliomyelitis and Rubella on Children Aged Less than 15 in a Poor Country: Case of the Republic of Pakistan_Crimson Publishers

 Comparison of Tuberculosis, Measles, Poliomyelitis and Rubella on Children Aged Less than 15 in a Poor Country: Case of the Republic of Pakistan by İlker Etikan in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

We compared Measles, Tuberculosis, Poliomyelitis and Rubella infectious diseases in Pakistan on children aged less than 15 years from 2013 to 2018. We collected the registered cases of each disease per years at the World Health Organization (WHO) and at the United Nation International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) website and we used SPSS program to calculate descriptive statistics and plot graphics. We find out that over the past six years, among the four infectious diseases studied, Tuberculosis and Measles were the most present among children aged fewer than 15, their mean over the years was respectively 34430.50 and 20107.50, and their percentage was around 50% Of the whole studied diseases. Rubella and Poliomyelitis were the less infectious disease present among children aged under 15 in Pakistan from 2013 to 2018, their mean over the years was respectively 178.35 and 114.28, and their percentage was around 1% of the whole studied infectious diseases. Furthermore, Away from Poliomyelitis which curve was mostly decreasing over the last six years, all the three other diseases, Tuberculosis, Measles and Rubella had a curve mostly increasing over the last six years.

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The Stupidity of Criticism_Crimson Publishers

The Stupidity of Criticism by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Fortunately for sensitive egos, people do not have to acknowledge criticism in order to react to it. Corrective reactions may be undertaken without anyone admitting anything was wrong. Demonstrating the power of negative thinking, the accompanying verbal response to warranted but unwelcome criticism is usually to the effect that, “We have not done anything wrong and will not do it again”.

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The Stupidity of Communications_Crimson Publishers

 The Stupidity of Communications by James F Welles in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the formation and transformation of culture and its transmission across generations, communication is paramount. In fact, learning, unlearning and relearning are all communicative processes fundamental to the development and existence of culture [1]. This is not a uniquely human phenomenon, as many amniotic species depend upon their considerable learning capabilities in the development of their social organization and general behavior. While this basic cultural process is part of our biological heritage [2], language gives human culture its distinctive flair. In developing the cultural capacity for stupidity to human desiderata, language proved to be a most effective mechanism in that it both inhibits and subverts awareness. It is language which provides us with our basic misperceptions, which culture then embellishes and disseminates. Thus, self-unawareness is promoted when language permits us to misinterpret embarrassing events into socially acceptable contexts. Although sense organs give us our first impressions of our environment, words fix our attitudes, direct the process of data selection and strongly influence the misinterpretation of information so that we may misconstrue experiences.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/pdf/OABB.000547.pdf 

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Portfolio Analysis in Finance Mathematics_Crimson Publishers

 Portfolio Analysis in Finance Mathematics by DS Hooda in Open access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In the present paper a brief account of the deterministic model due to Marko is given and the concept of mean variance efficient frontier to find all efficient portfolios that maximize the expected returns and minimize the variance are introduced. Some measures of portfolio analysis based on entropy meanvariance frontier and maximum entropy model in risk sharing are proposed and studied.

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Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed_Crimson Publishers

Western Literature on Stupidity Reviewed by James F Welles in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

 This review of the literature on stupidity demonstrates it has been and is a topic of interest among literati from Greek and Biblical times to the present. Recent writings on the topic are mostly anecdotal and with two exceptions indicate a lack of scientific analysis in the phenome-non.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oabb/abstract/OABB.000544.php

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Meta-Analysis of a Very Low Proportion Through Adjusted Wald Confidence Intervals_Crimson Publishers

Meta-Analysis of a Very Low Proportion Through Adjusted Wald Confidence Intervals by Afreixo V in Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

In this paper we will discuss the meta-analysis of one low proportion. It is well known, that there are several methods to perform the meta-analysis of one proportion, based on a linear combination of proportions or transformed proportions. However, in the context of a linear combination of binomial proportions has been proposed some approximate estimators with some improvements on low proportion estimation. In this paper we will show, with a simple adaptation, the possible contribution of several approximate adjusted Wald confidence intervals (CIs) for the meta-analysis of proportions. In the context of low proportions, a simulation study scenario is carried out to compare these CIs amongst themselves and with other available methods with respect to bias and coverage probabilities, using the fixed effect or the random-effects model. 

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